Natural History: Sources and Credits

Images
Natural History Contents:
Lava Fountain from the Hawai'i Natural History Association.
Wiliwili tree by Gerald D. Carr
Hihiwai from the Division of Aquatic Resources.
Natural History: Island Formation
Lava Fountain from the Hawai'i Natural History Association.
Map of Hawai'i-Emperor Volcanic Chain from the Hawai'i Natural History Association.
Pillow Lava by Gordon Tribble, US Geological Survey
Thin lava flow from the Hawai'i Natural History Association.
Kauai Shield Volcano from Volcanoes in the Sea - The Geology of Hawai’i by G.A. Macdonald and Agatin T. Abbot. Photo by Agatin T. Abbot
Hualalai by Robert Tilling, USGS
Caldera Diagram from the Hawai'i Natural History Association.
Waimea Canyon from Volcanoes in the Sea - The Geology of Hawai’i by G.A. Macdonald and Agatin T. Abbot. Photo by Agatin T. Abbot
Alakai Swamp from Stephen Stetson of RSAT.
Caldera's Border and Caldera's Border Diagram from Geology and Ground Water Resources of the Island of Kauai, Hawaii by G. A. Macdonald, D.A. Davis, and D. C. Cox. Photo and diagram by G. A. Macdonald
Lihu'e Depression from Volcanoes in the Sea - The Geology of Hawai’i by G.A. Macdonald and Agatin T. Abbot. Photo by G.A. Macdonald
Ha'upu Caldera from the Hawai'i State Archives
Ha'upu Formation by Randy Wichman
Kilohana from Stephen Stetson of RSAT
Giant Landslide Diagram from the Hawai'i Natural History Association.
Landslide Areas from the Hawai'i Natural History Association.
Nihoa from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Napali by Peter Reiner
Lihu'e Depression from the Hawai'i State Archives.
Kilohana Relief Model from the USGS.
Kilohana erosion by David Boynton.
Lava at Nawiliwili, Basalt bridge, and Dike rock by P.M. Cockett.
Natural History: Native Plants
Wiliwili by Gerald D. Carr
Modes of Long Distance Plant Dispersal to Hawai'i from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; and Thomas R. Paradise, p. 105.
Origins of Hawaiian Species
from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; and Thomas R. Paradise, p. 105.
Older Eroded Volcanoes
from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; and Thomas R. Paradise, p. 121.
Rainfall chart from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; and Thomas R. Paradise, p. 56.
Native ecosystems before human settlement
from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; and Thomas R. Paradise, pp. 122-123.
500 ' Contour map generated with ArcView.
Lowland mesic forest from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise, p. 127. Photo by Sam Gon III.
Natural History: Coastal Plants
Ninini Point from webphotos.com
Kalapaki shrublands from Chris Cook, private collection.
Pohuehue by Harold St. John
Naupaka, Ilima, Hinahina, Akulikuli, Hala, and Hau by Gerald. D. Carr.
'Aki'aki by C.A. Lamoureux
Natural History: Lowland Dry and Mesic Forest
Pili, 'Ohe, Iliahi, 'Ahakea, and Koa by C.A. Lamoureux
Lama by George K Linney
Wiliwili, Ala'a, Naio, and Loulu by Gerald D. Carr
Natural History: Wet Forest
Ohia, Olapa, Ho'awa, Loulu, and Hapu'u by Gerald D. Carr
Hame by O.M. LeGrande
'Ohe by Lani Stemmermiann
Natural History: Native Animals-Birds
Ae'o, Muliwai, Alae 'ula, 'Alaeke'oke'o, Koloa maoli and Ope'ape'a from the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Ulili, Kolea, 'A'o, 'Iwa, by David Boynton
Nene by Dan Petr
Honeycreeper from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise, p. 132. Painting by H. Douglas Pratt.
Bird Groups Charts from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise, p. 133.
Natural History: Insects and Snails
Predator Caterpillar, Pomacefly, and Koa Bug from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition. Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise. Photo by W.P. Mull
Damselfly and Dragonfly by Dan Petr.
Dune Remains by David Boynton
Excavated land snails by David Boynton
Endangered Species Hot Spots from "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition by Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise, p. 151.
Natural History: Native Stream Animals
All images of native stream animals from the Division of Aquatic Resources.
Mauka to Makai by David Boynton, pilot Casey Riemer of Jack Harter Helicopters

Publications:
Chuck Blay and Robert Siemers, "Kauai'i's Geologic History" TEOK Productions
1998

Sherwin Carlquist, “Hawai’i A Natural History” Lawai: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1980.

Ethel M. Damon, “Koamalu” Voumes 1 and 2. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin Press, 1931


Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise, "Atlas of Hawai‘i" Third Edition; Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 1998.

Patrick Vinton Kirch, “Feathered Gods and Fishhooks” Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1985.

Gordon A. Macdonald and Agatin T. Abbot, “Volcanoes in the Sea - The Geology of Hawai’i” Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1970.

G. A. Macdonald, D.A. Davis, D. C. Cox, “Geology and Ground Water Resources of the Island of Kauai, Hawaii” Bulletin 13, Hawaii Division of Hydrography 1960

Nancy Merrill, "Limahuli Garden: A Window to Ancient Hawai'i" National Tropical Botanical Garden, 1999.

Mary Kawena Pukui, "'Olelo No'eau: Hawaiian Proverbs and Poetical Sayings" Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1983.

Mary Kawena Pukui, Samuel H. Elbert, “Hawaiian Dictionary” Honolulu: University Press of Hawai’i, 1979.

Links:
The Structure and Growth of the Island of Kaua'i. On the edge of discovery with Peter Reiner
The USGS has some undersea maps of Kaua'i
The Hawai'i Natural History Association has excellent resources for teachers about the Geology of Hawaiian Volcanoes
Another excellent resource is the Moanalua Gardens Foundation
Pictures of Native Plants from the UH Botany Department
Great photos of Native Hawaiian Animals from Dan Petr
The Department of Aquatic Resources has an excellent site about Hawaiian streams and native stream animals.
Beyond excellent is Pacific World's site about Ha'ena
, by
RDK Herman.
This site is really worth visiting and spending some time with - a great synthesis of the geography and culture of indigenous people. Check out Pacific World's homepage for other upcoming projects.
Huapala is a great source for accurate Hawaiian lyrics to songs. I found Ulili E and E Hihiwai there.
Want to Fly Around Kaua'i? Check out the virtual fly over gifted by Stephen Stetson to the people of Kaua'i. Available on the Virtual Taro Patch.

Created June 2001